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Bristlecone pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata in Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. Great Basin Bristlecone Pine Pinus longaeva in Utah, Nevada and eastern ...
en.wikipedia.org

Ancient Bristlecone Pine
Bristlecone Pine, an exploration of, including a look at dendrochronology, image gallery, and more. ... of the bristlecone pine. send email, comment on this site ...
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{{Taxobox| color = lightgreen| name = Bristlecone pines| image = Prometheus Wheeler.jpg| image_width = 240px| image_caption = A Great Basin Bristlecone Pine forest| regnum = Plantae]| classis = Pinophyta| ordo = Pinales| genus = [Pine| subgenus = Pinus classification| sectio = Balfourianae| subdivision_ranks = Species| subdivision =Pinus aristata Pinus longaeva Pinus balfouriana-->

The bristlecone pines are a small group of pine trees (Family Pinaceae, genus Pinus, subsection Balfourianae) that can reach an age far greater than that of any other single living organism known, up to nearly 5,000 years.

There are three closely related species of bristlecone pine:

• Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata in Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona
• Great Basin Bristlecone Pine Pinus longaeva in Utah, Nevada and eastern California
• Foxtail Pine Pinus balfouriana in California

Bristlecone pines grow in isolated groves at and just below the tree line. Because of cold temperatures, dry soils, high winds, and short growing seasons, the trees grow very slowly. The wood is very dense and resinous, and thus resistant to invasion by insects, fungi, and other potential pests. As the tree ages, much of its vascular cambium layer may die, in very old specimens often leaving only a narrow strip of living tissue to connect the roots to the handful of live branches.

Oldest living organisms The oldest single living organisms known are bristlecone pines, though some plants such as creosote bush or aspen form clonal colony that may be many times older. The existing growth in clonal colonies sprang as shoots from older growth so there is an unbroken chain of life that sometimes dates back several tens of thousands of years. However, the original ancient growth in these colonies is long dead. The oldest bristlecone pines are single plants that have been alive for a little less than 5,000 years. These very old trees are of great importance in dendrochronology or tree-ring dating.

Methuselah Currently, the oldest (acknowledged) living organism known is a bristlecone pine tree nicknamed "Methuselah (tree)" (after Methuselah, the longest-lived person in the Bible), located in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest in the White Mountains (California) of eastern California, and measured by core samples to be 4,789 years old. The U.S. Forest Service does not reveal the actual position of "Methuselah" in the bristlecone grove, in order to protect the tree.

Prometheus Donald R. Currey, a student of the University of North Carolina, was taking core samples of bristlecones in 1964 when he discovered that "Prometheus (tree)" was over 4,000 years old. His coring tool broke, so the U.S. Forest service granted permission to Mr. Currey to cut down "Prometheus". After Prometheus had been felled, 4,844 rings were counted on a cross-section of the tree, making "Prometheus" at least 4,844 years old, the oldest non-clonal living thing known to man.

The other two species, Pinus balfouriana and Pinus aristata are also long-lived, though not to the extreme extent of P. longaeva; specimens of both have been measured or estimated to be up to 3,000 years old. It is rumored that a specimen older than "Methuselah" has been discovered, but this has not been widely publicized.

References Further references

• Bailey, D. K. 1970. Phytogeography and taxonomy of Pinus subsection Balfourianae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 210-249.
• Richardson, D. M. (ed.). 1998. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 530 p. ISBN 0-521-55176-5.

External links

• ARKive - images and movies of the bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva)
• Bristlecone pine website
• Arboretum de Villardebelle Images of cones (scroll to bottom of page)
• Gymnosperm Database - Pinus aristata
• Gymnosperm Database - Pinus longaeva
• Gymnosperm Database - Pinus balfouriana
• Prometheus: The Martyred One
• OpenRoad.TV (video story about the Ancient Bristlecone Pines)

Bristlecone pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The bristlecone pines are a small group of pine trees (Family Pinaceae, genus Pinus, subsection Balfourianae) that are thought to reach an age far greater than that of any other ...

Ancient Bristlecone Pine
Bristlecone Pine, an exploration of, including a look at dendrochronology, and image gallery.

Great Basin Bristlecone Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva) is one of the bristlecone pines, a group of three species of pine found in the higher mountains of the southwest United States.

Been There | Tips | Schulman Grove (Ancient ...
... National Forest, there's a place called the Schulman Grove, which is the site of some of the oldest living things on planet earth - the 4000-year-old Great Basin Bristlecone Pine ...

bristlecone pine definition of bristlecone pine in the Free Online ...
bristlecone pine, common name for the pine ponderosa pine or western yellow pine (P. ponderosa), is a hard pine second only to the Douglas fir as a commercial timber tree in North ...

bristlecone pine - definition of bristlecone pine by the Free Online ...
bris·tle·cone pine   (br s l-k n) n. Either of two small slow-growing pines (Pinus aristata or P. longaeva) found at higher elevations of the western United States, having ...

Gallery
Bristlecone Pine, an exploration of, including a look at dendrochronology, image gallery, and more.

bristlecone pine
The oldest living species of pine tree.... ... Tiscali Quicklinks. Please visit our Accessibility Page for a list of the Access Keys you can use to find your way around the site ...

Bristlecone Pine Info Page
Home Profile Services Management Clients Request for Proposal Bristlecone Pine Info SOME INTERESTING INFORMATION ABOUT THE OLDEST LIVING THING ON ...

Bristlecone pine - Pinus longaeva: Species Information - ARKive
ARKive - Thousands of unique videos and images of species from across the globe.Information about Bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) in the Globally Endangered Chapter